Human IgE epitopes of lysozyme have not yet been reported.
Allergen stability: Process, chemical, enzymatic
Lysozyme's stability has been studied by very many methods and in many different conditions. Petersen et al. (2004) [1300] review data on stability as well as reporting that adducts such as sorbitol can significantly stabilise lysozyme. In buffer without adducts, hen egg white lysozyme was found to be most stable in the pH range 3.55.0, where the denaturation temperature is reported to be 7580 °C. However, reduction or shuffling of disulphides strongly destabilises lysozyme (Chang and Li, 2002 [1301]). Lysozyme is resistant to cathepsin D and slowly degaded by cathepsin B (So et al., 1997 [1302]). It is also resistant toproteolytic digestion by pepsin and proteinase K for 1 h at 37° (Polverino de Laureto et al. 2002 [1303]).
Nature of main cross-reacting proteins:
Not known
Allergen properties & biological function:
Lysozyme is an important part of the defence against bacterial infection of the egg. It is 2-4% of the protein in egg white (Vidal et al. 2005) [1260].
Allergen purification:
Roy et al. (2003) [1335] describes the simultaneous purification of lysozyme, ovalbumin, and ovomucoid from hen egg white. The crude egg white extract was passed through a cation exchanger (Streamline SP). and the bound lysozyme was eluted with 5% ammonium carbonate, pH 9.0, containing 1 M NaCl after elution of avidin. Lysozyme was further purified 639-fold on dye-linked cellulose beads.
Archer et al. (1990) [1362] reported one of the first successful heterologous expressions of a disulphide linked enzyme with lysozyme in Aspergillus.
Other biochemical information:
The structure of several complexes of lysozyme with specific antibody binding sites have been determined (Cauerhff et al. 2004 [1304]; Li et al. 2003 [1261]; Mohan et al. 2003 [1263]; Holmres et al. 2001 [1264]; Bentley, 1996 [1265]; Smith-Gill, 1996 [1266]) and lysozyme is the best understood example of a folded model protein antigen.
Hashida et al. (2002) [1271] showed that healthy fasted volunteers had serum concentrations of 1700 pg/ml. of lysozyme (as measured by immuno assay) one hour after eating 90 mg. of lysozyme.
So et al. (2001) [1272] show that lysozyme's allergenicity in a mouse model can be increased by engineering to make lysozyme less stable.
Hen egg white lysozyme is 95-96% identical with sequences from the eggs of birds such as quail and turkey. Other known bird lysozymes are at least 78% identical. Sequences from reptiles such as turtle are 68% identical while bovine milk lysozyme is 60% identical. IgE cross-reactivity would be expected between birds but has not been reported with mammalian lysozymes.
References (15)
Archer DB, Jeenes DJ, MacKenzie DA, Brightwell G, Lambert N, Lowe G, Radford SE, Dobson CM.
Hen egg white lysozyme expressed in, and secreted from, Aspergillus niger is correctly processed and folded.
Biotechnology (N Y) 8(8):741-5. 1990
PUBMED ID:
1366900
Cauerhff A, Goldbaum FA, Braden BC.
Structural mechanism for affinity maturation of an anti-lysozyme antibody.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 101(10):3539-3544. 2004
PUBMED ID:
14988501
Hashida S, Ishikawa E, Nakamichi N, Sekino H.
Concentration of egg white lysozyme in the serum of healthy subjects after oral administration.
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 29(1-2):79-83. 2002
PUBMED ID:
11906463
Li Y, Li H, Yang F, Smith-Gill SJ, Mariuzza RA.
X-ray snapshots of the maturation of an antibody response to a protein antigen.
Nat Struct Biol. 10(6):482-488.
2003
PUBMED ID:
12740607
Mohan S, Sinha N, Smith-Gill SJ.
Modeling the binding sites of anti-hen egg white lysozyme antibodies HyHEL-8 and HyHEL-26: an insight into the molecular basis of antibody cross-reactivity and specificity.
Biophys J. 85(5):3221-3236.
2003
PUBMED ID:
14581222
Petersen SB, Jonson V, Fojan P, Wimmer R, Pedersen S.
Sorbitol prevents the self-aggregation of unfolded lysozyme leading to an up to 13 degrees C stabilisation of the folded form.
J Biotechnol. 114(3):269-278. 2004
PUBMED ID:
15522436
Polverino de Laureto P, Frare E, Gottardo R, Van Dael H, Fontana A.
Partly folded states of members of the lysozyme/lactalbumin superfamily: a comparative study by circular dichroism spectroscopy and limited proteolysis.
Protein Sci. 11(12):2932-2946. 2002
PUBMED ID:
12441391
Roy I, Rao MV, Gupta MN.
An integrated process for purification of lysozyme, ovalbumin, and ovomucoid from hen egg white.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 111(1):55-63.
2003
PUBMED ID:
14566069
So T, Ito H, Hirata M, Ueda T, Imoto T.
Contribution of conformational stability of hen lysozyme to induction of type 2 T-helper immune responses.
Immunology 104(3):259-68. 2001
PUBMED ID:
11722640
So T, Ito HO, Koga T, Watanabe S, Ueda T, Imoto T.
Depression of T-cell epitope generation by stabilizing hen lysozyme.
J Biol Chem. 272(51):32136-40. 1997
PUBMED ID:
9405412
Vidal ML, Gautron J, Nys Y.
Development of an ELISA for quantifying lysozyme in hen egg white.
J Agric Food Chem. 53(7):2379-2385. 2005
PUBMED ID:
15796566