Rance et al (2003) [704] reports symptoms from 42 children (mean age at diagnosis 2.7 years) with cashew nut allergy including urticaria (31 cases, 26%), nonlaryngeal angio-oedema (36 cases, 32%), asthma (eight cases, 7%), rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis (nine cases, 8%), oral allergy syndrome (two cases, 2%), vomiting (15 cases, 13%), diarrhoea (one case, 0.8%) and asthenia (one case, 0.8%)

Nguyen and Gern (2003) [710] report a case in which cashew allergy was mistaken for foreign body obstruction. Subsequently the patient showed cough, stridor and hives.

Hourihane et al. (2001) [700] report 29 patients with cashew nut allergy aged 1-30 years. 14 reacted to minimal contact without actually eating cashew. 14 reported wheeze and 11 reported collapse or feeling faint.

Garcia et al. (2000) [701] reported angioedema and urticaria; oral itching, urticaria, wheezing dyspnea and dizziness; generalized erythema, aqueous rhinorhea, dyspnea, dysphagia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea in 3 patients

Shortness of breath, widespread urticaria, angioedema within 20min of eating a piece of chocolate candy containing cashew (Rasanen et al. 1998 [486])

Angioedema, generalised urticaria in one child (Tariq et al. 1996 [525])

Anaphylaxis (Strickler et al. 1986 [522]) and a case of fatal anaphylaxis (Sampson et al 1992 [711]) reported in reviews of anaphylaxis .

Urticaria, angioedema (Gillespie et al. 1976 [342])

Positive SPT was >3mM and 50% larger than positive control while negative remained negative (Rance et al. 2003 [704])

Rance et al. (2003) [704] tested 42 patients.

Rasanen et al. (1998) [486] reported 1 patient.

Rance et al. (2003) [704] found all patients had positive SPT. 29 were also positive with another nut

Rasanen et al. (1998) [486] reported an immediate wheal of 11mm, which grew to 20mm within 30min of SPT .

Garcia et al. (2000) [701] tested sera from 3 patients.

Rance et al. (2003) [704] tested sera from 42 patients.

Teuber et al. (2002) [695] report 15 patients with a mean age of 39 years. All had required treatment after eating cashew nuts and were allergic to other nuts.

Wang et al. (2003) [697] report 21 cashew allergic patients and 3 tolerant.

Rance et al. (2003) [704] reported that 3/42 patients gave negative CAP assay but that 2 of these gave a positive open challenge and the third had a convincing history.

Wang et al. (2003) [697] report positive CAP or RAST results from 21 cashew allergic adults and only one 0.43 kU/l response from 3 cashew tolerant patients. 13/21 sera reacted to a 33 kDa legumin identified as a new major allergen, Ana o 2.

Teuber et al. (2002) [695] used 1D SDS-PAGE (13% polyacrylamide) with 5 minutes heating of cashew extract in sample buffer with or without DTT. 16% polyacrylamide tricine gels were also used to improve the resolution for low mass proteins.

Wang et al. (2002) [699] and (2003) [697] used 1D SDS-PAGE on reduced cashew extracts or recombinant allergens using a 10% acrylamide gel.

Teuber et al. (2002) [695], Wang et al. (2002) [699] and (2003) [697] transferred proteins to strips of 0.22-µm nitrocellulose, blocked with milk powder with Triton X-100 or Tween. Diluted sera (1:5 or 1:20) were added and incubated overnight at RT. The strips were then washed and incubated overnight at RT with equine polyclonal iodine ¹²⁵I–labeled anti-human IgE diluted 1:5 in the nonfat milk buffer.
Wang et al. (2002) [699] transferred proteins to Trans-Blot PVDF membrane (0.2 µm, BioRad) for sequencing.

The 2S albumins and legumin-like 13S proteins were identified as major allergens and a vicillin was also identified as an allergen by Teuber et al. (2002) [695] .

Wang et al. (2003) [697] report that 13/21 sera reacted to a 33 kDa legumin identified as a new major allergen, Ana o 2.

Rance et al. (2003) [704] used labial food challenge with 8 patients

Hourihane et al. (2001) [700] report positive open challenge on 2 patients with cashew nut allergy.