CLINICAL INFORMATION for Chickpea, garbanzo, bengal gram
Clinical History
Number of Studies:
1-5
Number of Patients:
21-50
Symptoms:
A 7 year old girl patient showed contact urticaria to chickpea and anaphylaxis after eating chickpea (Kalogeromitros et al. 1996 [374]).
Patil et al. (2001) [713] list symptoms for 31/41 DBPCFC/SPT positive patients as cutaneous 21/22, respiratory 18/25, Gastrointestinal 3/4, 1/2 rhinitis and anaphylaxis 1/1. Symptoms from history were similar to those on positive challenge.
Skin Prick Test
Number of Studies:
1-5
Food/Type of allergen:
Patil et al. (2001) [713] desiccated and defatted flour with diethyl ether then extracted with PBS pH 8.0 in 50% glycerol (1:20 w/v) for 24 hrs. at 4 degrees C. Extracts centrifuged and filtered through 0.45 μM filter for SPT.
Protocol:
(controls, definition of positive etc)
Carried out by the scratch method. A 10 microlitre volume of legume extract each containing 22-25 microgram protein as applied. Histamine (1mg/ ml) served as positive control. The net wheal diameter was measured.
Number of Patients:
Patil et al. (2001) [713] tested 59 patients with a history implicating chickpea from 1400 patients of whom 142 reporting food allergy.
Summary of Results:
41/59 gave a positive SPT to chickpea (Patil et al. 2001 [713]).
IgE assay (by RAST, CAP etc)
Number of Studies:
1-5
Food/Type of allergen:
Patil et al. (2001) [713] desiccated and defatted flour with diethyl ether then extracted with PBS pH 8.0 in 50% glycerol (1:20 w/v) for 24 hrs. at 4 degrees C. Extracts centrifuged and precipitated at 90% saturated ammonium sulfate and dialysed.
IgE protocol:
Patil et al. (2001) [713] counted positive if the ELISA IgE was 5 times control values.
Number of Patients:
Patil et al. (2001) [713] report ELISA on 41 SPT positive patients and 20 controls
Clemente et al. (1999) [714] used sera from 6 patients
Vioque et al. (1999) [232] used sera from 10 patients
Summary of Results:
Patil et al. (2001) [713] found that 70, 64, 35, and 26 kDa proteins were major allergens. However, the ELISA results did not correlate well with the DBPCFC results. Only 23 patients showed IgE by ELISA.
Dot blotting using sera from 10 chickpea-sensitive individuals gave positive reaction against chickpea 2S albumin (Vioque et al. 1999 [232]).
Clemente et al. (1999) [714] found that immunoblots gave a typical pattern against 11S globulin with bands at 23 and 35-40 kDa. The 11S globulin is the major protein constituent in chickpea protein isolate.
Immunoblotting
Immunoblotting separation:
Clemente et al. (1999) [714] used 1D-SDS PAGE with a 20% polyacrylamide resolving gel (pH 8.8) and a 4% stacking gel (pH 6.8). Samples were solubilized with DTT and boiled in sample buffer with beta-mercaptoethanol.
Patil et al. (2001) [713] used 1D-SDS PAGE with a 12.5% polyacrylamide resolving gel.
Immunoblotting detection method:
Clemente et al. (1999) [714] electroblotted proteins onto 45 mm nitrocellulose membranes using a transblot apparatus (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Richmond, CA). Several membranes were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue G 250 to check the transfer. The membranes were blocked by incubation with 5% defatted milk in TBS (20 mM Tris-HCl, 0.05 M NaCl, pH 7.5) for 2 h. The membranes were washed three times with TTBS (0.05% Tween 20 in TBS) for 15 min each and incubated with sera (1:1000 v/v dilution) overnight at 4°C. After 3 washes with TTBS, alkaline phosphatase-conjugate mouse antihuman IgE (1:1000 v/v in TTBS) was added and incubated at room temperature for 2 h. The membranes were then washed twice with TTBS and once with 1 M borate buffer (pH 8.3). Allergens were revealed with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate/nitroblue tetrazolium.
Patil et al. (2001) [713] transfered proteins onto nitrocellulose membranes. Extra sites were blocked by BSA
Immunoblotting results:
Patil et al. (2001) [713] found that 70, 64, 35, and 26 kDa proteins were major allergens.
Dot blotting using sera from 10 chickpea-sensitive individuals gave positive reaction against chickpea 2S albumin (Vioque et al. 1999 [232]).
Clemente et al. (1999) [714] found that immunoblots gave a typical pattern against 11S globulin with bands at 23 and 35-40 kDa. The 11S globulin is the major protein constituent in chickpea protein isolate.
Oral provocation
Number of Studies:
1-5
Food used and oral provocation
vehicle
Defatted chickpea powder
Blind?
Yes
Number of Patients?
Patil et al. (2001) [713] tested 59 patients with a history implicating chickpea from 1400 patients of whom 142 reporting food allergy.
Dose response
Not reported
Symptoms
Patil et al. (2001) [713] found 31/59 patients gave a positive DBPCFC. Symptoms included rhinorhea, wheezing, fainting, facial angioedema.
IgE cross-reactivity and Polysensitisation
Kalogeromitros et al. 1996 [374]) reported reaction to both lentil and chickpea. Similarly Pascual et al. 1999 [148] found that 6/22 lentil allergic patients also showed allergic reactions to chick peas, suggesting some degree of clinical cross-reactivity. Patil et al. (1997) [160] reported cross-reaction between chickpea and fenugreek in two patients.
Other Clinical information
Several cases of asthma or allergy by inhalation of chickpea from cooking have been reported (Martin et al. 1992 [716]; Kalogeromitros et al. 1996 [374]; Roberts et al. 2002 [715])
Reviews (0)
References (9)
Clemente A, Vioque J, Sanchez-Vioque R, Pedroche J, Millan F.
Production of extensive chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) protein hydrolysates with reduced antigenic activity. J Agric Food Chem. 47(9): 3776-3781. 1999
PUBMED ID:
10552721
Kalogeromitros MD, Armenaka MD, Galatas I, Capellou O, Katsarou A
Anaphylaxis induced by lentils. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 77:480-482. 1996
PUBMED ID:
8970438
Martin JA, Compaired JA, de la Hoz B, Quirce S, Alonso MD, Igea JM, Losada E.
Bronchial asthma induced by chick pea and lentil. Allergy 47(2 Pt 2): 185-187. 1992
PUBMED ID:
1514671
Patil SP, Niphadkar PV, Bapat MM.
Chickpea: a major food allergen in the Indian subcontinent and its clinical and immunochemical correlation. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 87(2): 140-145. 2001
PUBMED ID:
11527247
Roberts G, Golder N, Lack G
Bronchial challenges with aerosolized food in asthmatic, food-allergic children ALLERGY 57 (8): 713-717 2002
PUBMED ID:
12121190
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