Anaphylactic reaction (Dang R.W. and Bell D.B.1967; Miell J. et al 1988; Armentia A. et al 1994).

One patient complaind of a burning sensation in her mouth; swelling of lips, face, and tongue as well as of nausea and abdominal cramps after eating apeeled mango. Another patient experienced generalized itching and hives, profuse sweating, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting (Jansen A. et al 1992).

In a French study, 6% of a group of 580 patients with pathological reactions to foods showed sensitization to mango (Andre F. et al 1994).

On hundred and thirty six patients with immediate-type sensibility to latex. Some of them showed intolerance reaction to mango fruit (Brehler R. et al 1997).

Peel and pulp mango extract prepared as follows: Peel and pulp were homogenized separtely ina food processor and freeze-dried. This material was shaken for 1 h at room temperature with 4.5 ml of phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, 0.03% (w/v) human serum albumin, 0.5% v/v phenol. After centrifugation for 10 min at 1400 g the supernatant was filter through a 0.22 µm filter and kept frozen at -20°C. Pistachio extracts were obtained as before but previously deffated by ether extraction (Jansen et al. 1992)

Fresh mango (Duque et al.1999)

Skin prick tests (SPTs) were performed by application of one drop of allergenic extract on the skin of the volar side of the forearm. Subsequently, the dermis was punctured with a skin test meedle. SPTs with fresh mango was performed using a modified SPT. Mango fruit pulp withdrawn with a disposable tuberculin syringe was placed on the skin and the superficial layer of the skin was punctured and lifted with the same syringe. Histamine dihydrochloride (1 mg/mL) and physiological saline were used as a positive and a negative control respectively. SPT results was read after 20 min and recorded as positive if the mean diameter of the wheal was the same or larger than that of the histamine reaction. Intracutaneous tests (ICT) were performed with 10-fold dilutions in phosphate buffered saline pH7.4, 0.03% (w/v) human serum albumin, 0.5% v/v phenol of the filtered extract. A concentration inducing a 1+ reaction was regarded as the skin threshold value (Jansen et al. 1992).

Not stated (Duque et al.1999)

2 patients (Jansen et al. 1992)

A 45 year old woman sensitized to latex (Duque et al.1999)

All patients were positive with fresh mango but not with mango extracts. One of the patients had a positive SPT to pistachio extract. In both patients intracutaneous reactions to both mango extracts (peel and pulp) were positive. In addition, one patient showed a positive reaction to pistachio extract (Jansen et al. 1992).

Skin prick prick tests with fresh mango were positive (2+) in the patient and negative in three healthy controls (Duque et al.1999)

Commercial extracts (Jansen et al. 1992) (Duque et al. 1999) (Paschke et al. 2001) [145]

EAST (Andre et al. 1994).

RAST (Duque et al. 1999) (Jansen et al. 1992)

EAST (Paschke et al. 2001) [145]

9 patients that suffered from clinical symptoms to celery, mugwort and birch pollen. 5/9 showed clinical symptoms after eating mango fruit (Paschke et al. 2001) [145]

2 patients (Jansen et al. 1992)

All patients had specific IgE to mango (Paschke et al. 2001) [145]

All patients had specific IgE to mango and 1/2 had specific IgE to pistachio (Jansen et al. 1992)

The separation of the allergen extracts by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with a 5% stacking gel and a 13% resolving gel under reducing conditions (Paschke et al. 2001) [145] [146]

For electrophoresis, the protein samples were diluted and reduced in beta-mercaptoethanol buffer prior to heating at 90°C for 3 min. SDS-PAGE was performed in 10% polyacrylamide gels (Dube et al. 2004)

The nitrocellulose membranes were blocked with buffer containing 5 % (w/v) skimmed milk powder, and 0.1 % (v/v) Tween 20 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS (0.01 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 0.13 M sodium chloride)). Nitrocellulose strips were incubated overnight with patients sera. After incubation with rabbit anti-human IgE (1:4000), biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:6000) and streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (1:20000), the blots were stained with 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine-dioctylsodiumsulphosuccinate (Kinder et al. 1999)

The nitrocellulose membranes were blocked with buffer containing 5 % (v/v) skimmed milk powder, and 0.1 % (v/v) Tween 20 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS (0.01 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 0.13 M sodium chloride)). Nitrocellulose strips were incubated overnight with patients sera. After incubation with rabbit anti-human IgE (1:4000), biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:6000) and streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (1:20000), the blots were stained with 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine-dioctylsodiumsulphosuccinate (Paschke et al. 2001) [145] [146]

Protein were transferred on a nitrocellulose membrane (0.2 µm). After blotting, one strip with separated extract and one strip with molecular-mass-marker proteins were briefly stained with colloidal gold to visualize the transfer of proteins. To prevent unspecific binding, the dried membranes were treated twice with 5% (w/v) skimmed milk powder and 0.1% (v/v) Tween 20 in PBS. Subsequently nitrocellulose strips were incubated with pooled patients' sera diluted 1:14 with incubation buffer (0.3% (w/v) BSA, 0.1% (v/v) Tween 20 in PBS). The strips were then incubated with rabbit antihuman IgE (1:4000, 60 min), biotinylated goat antirabbit IgE (1:6000, 60 min), and streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (1:20000; 20 min), respectively, and stained with 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and dioctylsodiumsulfosuccinate (DONS) (Dube et al. 2004)

IgE binding was observed to 25-50 kDa mango polypeptides together with IgE binding to a 40 kDa latex protein (Duque et al. 1999)

In another study, IgE-binding proteins with molecular masses of approximately 14, 30, 40, 43, and 67 kDa were detected in mango (Paschke et al. 2001) [145]

A thirth study showed IgE binding in 46/52 allergic individuals of 30 and 40 kDa polypeptides. In addition, IgE-binding proteins were seen at 14 kDa (8 sera), 16 kDa (6 sera), 25 kDa (6 sera ), 43 kDa (17 sera), 50 kDa (12 sera) and 67 kDa (21 sera) (Paschke et al. 2001) [146]

The allergens in extracts of the mango varieties Osteen, Eden, Tommy Atkins and Ngowe were characterized by SDS-PAGE / immunoblotting using seven sera from mango allergic patients. All sera detected the same allergens in each strain. Allergens with Mr of approx. 14, 30, 40, 43 and 67 kDa were visible in each strain. Furthermore there was no difference between the varieties in detection intensity of any allergen (Kinder et al. 1999)

IgE binding in 7/9 individuals of 30 kDa, in 6/9 of 40 kDa major allergen was observed. Specific binding was also observed for allergens with molecular masses of 67, 60, 43, 37, 20, 18, 16, 14 kDa, and above 67 kDa (Dube et al. 2004)